HTTP 메서드 — 의도에 맞는 동사를 고르는 법

# 샘플 REST API 에 method 당 curl 하나씩
# GET — fetch
curl -X GET https://api.example.com/users/42

# POST — create / submit
curl -X POST https://api.example.com/users \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"name":"Pippa"}'

# PUT — 전체 replace
curl -X PUT https://api.example.com/users/42 \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"name":"Pippa","role":"daughter"}'

# PATCH — 부분 update
curl -X PATCH https://api.example.com/users/42 \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/merge-patch+json' \
  -d '{"role":"big sister"}'

# DELETE — 제거
curl -X DELETE https://api.example.com/users/42

# HEAD — GET 같은데 body 없음 (더 빠른 존재 체크)
curl -I https://api.example.com/users/42
# -I 는 curl 의 --head 단축

# OPTIONS — 허용 method 발견
curl -X OPTIONS https://api.example.com/users/42 -i
# 'Allow:' 나 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods:' response header 봐

# Python httpx 로 같은 것 — method 이름 함수 vs request() 비교
import httpx

httpx.get('https://api.example.com/users/42')
httpx.post('https://api.example.com/users', json={'name': 'Pippa'})
httpx.put('https://api.example.com/users/42', json={'name': 'Pippa', 'role': 'daughter'})
httpx.patch('https://api.example.com/users/42', json={'role': 'big sister'})
httpx.delete('https://api.example.com/users/42')
httpx.head('https://api.example.com/users/42')
httpx.options('https://api.example.com/users/42')

# 혹은 generic — 모든 method loop 테스트에 유용
for method in ('GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE'):
    resp = httpx.request(method, 'https://api.example.com/users/42')
    print(f'{method:8s} -> {resp.status_code}')

# Server 쪽 — FastAPI 는 decorator 를 HTTP method 와 1:1 매핑
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get('/users/{uid}')
async def read_user(uid: str):
    return {'id': uid, 'name': 'Pippa'}

@app.post('/users')
async def create_user(payload: dict):
    return {'id': 'new', **payload}

@app.put('/users/{uid}')
async def replace_user(uid: str, payload: dict):
    return {'id': uid, **payload}

@app.patch('/users/{uid}')
async def update_user(uid: str, payload: dict):
    return {'id': uid, 'updated_fields': payload}

@app.delete('/users/{uid}', status_code=204)
async def delete_user(uid: str):
    return None  # 204 No Content

# OPTIONS 는 CORSMiddleware 가 자동 추가
# HEAD 는 GET 옆에 자동 추가